le	LE	the described	non-veridical descriptor: the one(s) described as ...	1
.i	I	sentence link	sentence link/continuation; continuing sentences on same topic; normally elided for new speakers	2
mi	KOhA3	me	pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s); identified by self-vocative	3
cu	CU	selbri separator	elidable marker: separates selbri from preceding sumti, allows preceding terminator elision	4
nu	NU	event abstract	abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [bridi]	5
do	KOhA3	you	pro-sumti: you listener(s); identified by vocative	6
la	LA	that named	name descriptor: the one(s) called ... ; takes name or selbri description	7
se	SE	2nd conversion	2nd conversion; switch 1st/2nd places	8
lo	LE	the really is	veridical descriptor: the one(s) that really is(are) ...	9
lu	LU	quote	start grammatical quotation; quoted text should be grammatical on its own	10
li'u	LIhU	end quote	elidable terminator: end grammatical quotation; seldom elidable except at end of text	11
coi	COI	greetings	vocative: greetings/hello	12
na	NA	bridi negator	bridi contradictory negator; scope is an entire bridi; logically negates in some cmavo compounds	13
cusku	cus sku	express	x1 (agent) expresses/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via expressive medium x4 [also says]; (cf. bacru, tavla, casnu, spuda, cmavo list cu'u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka)	14
be	BE	link sumti	sumti link to attach sumti (default x2) to a selbri; used in descriptions	15
gi'e	GIhA	bridi and	logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought and	16
sei	SEI	discursive bridi	start discursive (metalinguistic) bridi	17
ca	PU	during	time tense relation/direction: is [selbri]; during/simultaneous with [sumti]; present tense	18
ro	PA4	each	digit/number: each, all	19
ma	KOhA7	sumti ?	pro-sumti: sumti question (what/who/how/why/etc.); appropriately fill in sumti blank	20
go'i	GOhA	last bridi	pro-bridi: preceding bridi; in answer to a yes/no question, repeats the claim, meaning yes	21
noi	NOI	incidental clause	non-restrictive relative clause; attaches subordinate bridi with incidental information	22
ku'i	UI3b	however	discursive: however/but/in contrast (cf. karbi, dukti, nalpanra)	23
nai	NAI	negate last word	attached to cmavo to negate them; various negation-related meanings	24
fi	FA	3rd sumti place	sumti place tag: tag 3rd sumti place	25
lei	LE	the mass described	non-veridical descriptor: the mass of individual(s) described as ...	26
kei	KEI	end abstraction	elidable terminator: end abstraction bridi (often elidable)	27
da	KOhA1	something 1	logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 1 (usually restricted)	28
.a	A	sumti or	logical connective: sumti afterthought or	29
du'u	NU	bridi abstract	abstractor: predication/bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [bridi] expressed in sentence x2	30
xu	UI6	true-false ?	discursive: true-false question	31
pu	PU	before	time tense relation/direction: did [selbri]; before/prior to [sumti]; default past tense	32
ko	KOhA3	imperative	pro-sumti: you (imperative); make it true for you, the listener	33
bu	BU	word to lerfu	convert any single word to BY	34
.e	A	sumti and	logical connective: sumti afterthought and	35
ka	NU	property abstract	abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [bridi]	36
ba	PU	after	time tense relation/direction: will [selbri]; after [sumti]; default future tense	37
je	JA	tanru and	logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought and	38
loi	LE	the mass really is	veridical descriptor: the mass of individual(s) that is(are) ...	39
zo	ZO	1-word quote	quote next word only; quotes a single Lojban word (not a cmavo compound or tanru)	40
doi	DOI	vocative marker	generic vocative marker; identifies intended listener; elidable after COI	41
poi	NOI	restrictive clause	restrictive relative clause; attaches subordinate bridi with identifying information to a sumti	42
mutce	tce	much	x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3[also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely]; (cf. milxe, traji, banli, carmi, nutli, traji)	43
je'e	COI	roger	vocative: roger (ack) - negative acknowledge; used to acknowledge offers and thanks	44
te	SE	3rd conversion	3rd conversion; switch 1st/3rd places	45
di'u	KOhA2	last utterance	pro-sumti: the last utterance	46
no	PA1	0	digit/number: 0 (digit) [zero]	47
pa	PA1	1	digit/number: 1 (digit) [one]	48
bo	BO	short scope link	short scope joiner; joins various constructs with shortest scope and right grouping	49
pe	GOI	restrictive phrase	restrictive relative phrase marker: which is associated with ...; loosest associative/possessive	50
vi	VA	here at	location tense distance: here at ... ; at or a very short/tiny distance from ...	51
co'a	ZAhO	initiative	interval event contour: at the starting point of ...; initiative >|<    |	52
fa	FA	1st sumti place	sumti place tag: tag 1st sumti place	53
la'e	LAhE	the referent of	the referent of (indirect pointer); uses the referent of a sumti as the desired sumti	54
ke	KE	start grouping	start grouping of tanru, etc; ... type of ... ; overrides normal tanru left grouping	55
ka'e	CAhA	innately capable of	modal aspect: innate capability; possibly unrealized	56
.u'i	UI1	amusement	attitudinal: amusement - weariness (cf. selzdi, selxajmi, xalbo)	57
klama	kla	come	x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5[also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]; (cf. cadzu, bajra, marce, vofli, litru, muvdu, cpare, cmavo list ka'a, pluta, bevri, farlu, limna, vitke)	58
re	PA1	2	digit/number: 2 (digit) [two]	59
ku	KU	end sumti	elidable terminator: end description, modal, or negator sumti; often elidable	60
zvati	zva	at	x1 (object/event) is at/attending/present at x2 (event/location)[refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile]; (cf. especially stuzi for an inherent/inalienable location, jbini, nenri, se vasru, cpana, diklo, jibni, cabna, lamji, tcini, xabju, jmive, jundi, vitke)	61
li	LI	the number	the number/evaluated expression; convert number/operand/evaluated math expression to sumti	62
ko'a	KOhA4	it-1	pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #1 (specified by goi)	63
cmalu	cma	small	x1 is small in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3(cf. caxno, cinla, jarki, tordu, barda)	64
ki'u	BAI	because of reason	krinu modal, 1st place (justified by) justifiably; because of reason ...	65
co'o	COI	partings	vocative: partings/good-bye	66
tu'a	LAhE	the bridi implied by	extracts a concrete sumti from an unspecified abstraction; equivalent to le nu/su'u [sumti] co'e	67
.ui	UI1	happiness	attitudinal: happiness - unhappiness (cf. gleki)	68
tavla	tav ta'a	talk	x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4[not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)]; (cf. bacru, cusku for actual expression, casnu, darlu, skicu, ciksi, bangu)	69
.ei	UI1	obligation	attitudinal: obligation - freedom (cf. bilga, zifre)	70
viska	vis vi'a	see	x1 sees/views/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3[also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"]; (cf. catlu, jvinu, kanla, minra, simlu, djuno, jimpe, zgana, ganse)	71
zi	ZI	short time	time tense distance: instantaneous-to-short distance in time	72
drata	dat	other	x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else(cf. mintu, frica)	73
ni'o	NIhO	new topic	discursive: paragraph break; introduce new topic	74
pensi	pes pei	think	x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2[also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)]; (cf. cmavo list pe'i, jijnu, menli, morji, sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi, minra, lanli, besna, saske, skami)	75
djuno	jun ju'o	know	x1 knows fact(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4[words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place; know how to - implying knowledge of method but not necessarily having the ability to practice (= tadjyju'o)] (cf. know/familiar with: se slabu, na'e cnino, na'e fange; cmavo list du'o, cilre, certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe, senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, morji, saske, viska)	76
ri	KOhA5	last sumti	pro-sumti: the last sumti, as determined by back-counting rules	77
catlu	cta	look	x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2[also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"]; (cf. jvinu, minra, simlu, viska, lanli, zgana, setca, viska)	78
to	TO	start parenthesis	left parenthesis; start of parenthetical note which must be grammatical Lojban text	79
lo'e	LE	the typical	veridical descriptor: the typical one(s) who really is(are) ...	80
na'e	NAhE	scalar contrary	contrary scalar negator: other than ...; not ...; a scale or set is implied	81
nelci	nel nei	fond	x1 is fond of/likes/has a taste for x2 (object/state)(cf. cinmo, djica, pluka, prami, rigni, sinma, trina, xebni, cuxna, pendo)	82
barda	bra	big	x1 is big/large in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3(cf. banli, clani, ganra, condi, plana, cmalu, rotsu, banro, xanto)	83
mo	GOhA	bridi ?	pro-bridi: bridi/selbri/brivla question	84
ji'a	UI3b	in addition	discursive: additionally (cf. jmina)	85
djica	dji	desire	x1 desires/wants/wishes x2 (event/state) for purpose x3[if desire is for an object, this is sumti-raising; use tu'a in x2 (or use lujvo = po'edji)]; (cf. taske, xagji, mukti, nitcu, nelci, pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura)	86
gunka	gun gu'a	work	x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3[also: x1 is a worker/laborer]; (cf. sazri, gasnu, se jibri; zukte - which need not be labor; physics term 'work' = ni muvyselbai, briju, jibri, lazni, selfu)	87
toi	TOI	end parenthesis	elidable terminator: right parenthesis/end unquote; seldom elidable except at end of text	88
tai	BAI	in form	tamsmi modal, 1st place (like)/(in manner 2) resembling ...; sharing ideal form ...                  (x1 resembles x2 sharing ideal form/shape x3 in property x4)	89
ba'e	BAhE	emphasize next	forethought emphasis indicator; indicates next word is especially emphasized	90
cliva	liv li'a	leave	x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3[also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2]; (cf. litru. canci, vimcu, lebna, litru, muvdu)	91
ca'o	ZAhO	continuative	interval event contour: during ...; continuative |-----|	92
moi	MOI	ordinal selbri	convert number to ordinal selbri; x1 is (n)th member of set x2 ordered by rule x3	93
.oi	UI1	complaint	attitudinal: complaint - pleasure (cf. pante, pluka, kufra)	94
fo	FA	4th sumti place	sumti place tag: tag 4th sumti place	95
pilno	pli	use	x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3[also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, lejyplicu'a)]; (cf. tutci, cabra, minji, gasnu, zukte for x2, cmavo list pi'o, sazri, jibri)	96
ta	KOhA6	that there	pro-sumti: that there; nearby demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near listener	97
cmene	cme me'e	name	x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person)[also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (= selcme for reordered places)]; (cf. cmavo list me'e, gismu, tcita, valsi, judri)	98
va'o	BAI	under conditions	vanbi modal, 1st place (conditions 1) under conditions ...; in environment ...	99
jimpe	jmi	understand	x1 understands/comprehends fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3(cf. djuno, jijnu, morna, smuni, saske, viska)	100
co	CO	tanru inversion	tanru inversion operator; "... of type ..."; allows modifier trailing sumti without sumti links	101
.ua	UI1	discovery	attitudinal: discovery - confusion/searching (cf. facki, cfipu, sisku)	102
prenu	pre	person	x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona(cf. nanmu, ninmu, remna, zukte, sevzi)	103
roi	ROI	quantified tense	converts number to an objectively quantified tense interval modifier; defaults to time tense	104
co'e	GOhA	unspecif bridi	elliptical/unspecified bridi relationship	105
me	ME	sumti to selbri	convert sumti to selbri/tanru element; x1 is specific to [sumti] in aspect x2	106
ra	KOhA5	recent sumti	pro-sumti: a recent sumti before the last one, as determined by back-counting rules	107
sai	CAI	strong emotion	attitudinal: moderate intensity attitude modifier	108
zo'o	UI5	humorously	attitudinal modifier: humorously - dully - seriously (cf. xajmi, junri)	109
kau	UI3a	indirect question	discursive: marks word serving as focus of indirect question: "I know WHO went to the store"	110
pei	CAI	emotion ?	attitudinal: attitudinal question; how do you feel about it? with what intensity?	111
troci	toc toi	try	x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3[also experiments at]; (cf. fliba, snada, cipra)	112
ba'o	ZAhO	perfective	interval event contour: in the aftermath of ...; since ...; perfective |     |----	113
xamgu	xag xau	good	x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3[acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xaurselcru)]; (cf. melbi, xlali, vrude, zabna)	114
joi	JOI	in a mass with	non-logical connective: mixed conjunction; "and" meaning "mixed together", forming a mass	115
kumfa	kum ku'a	room	x1 is a room of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u)[also chamber]; (cf. bitmu, canlu, zdani)	116
ve	SE	4th conversion	4th conversion; switch 1st/4th places	117
ki'a	UI6	textual confusion	attitudinal question: confusion about something said (cf. cfipu, kucli)	118
pe'i	UI2	I opine	evidential: I opine (subjective claim) (cf. jinvi)	119
citka	cti	eat	x1 eats/ingests/consumes (transitive verb) x2(cf. cidja, pinxe, tunlo, xagji, xaksu, batci, gusta, kabri)	120
valsi	val vla	word	x1 is a word meaning/causing x2 in language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal)(cf. slaka, bangu, cmavo, cmene, gismu, jufra, rafsi, smuni)	121
tirna	tin	hear	x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural(cf. kerlo, sance, smaji, savru, voksa, ganse, zgana)	122
ja'e	BAI	therefore result	jalge modal, 1st place resultingly; therefore result ...	123
.ue	UI1	surprise	attitudinal: surprise - not really surprised - expectation (cf. spaji)	124
mei	MOI	cardinal selbri	convert number to cardinality selbri; x1 is the mass formed from set x2 whose n member(s) are x3	125
sutra	sut	fast	x1 is fast/swift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state)(cf. masno)	126
so'i	PA4	many	digit/number: many	127
ju'o	UI5	certainty	attitudinal modifier: certainty - uncertainty - impossibility (cf. birti, cumki)	128
zdani	zda	nest	x1 is a nest/house/lair/den/[home] of/for x2[home (= tercnizda), house (constructed building) (= zdadi'u)]; (cf. dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju)	129
facki	fak fa'i	discover	x1 discovers/finds out x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object)(cf. cirko, djuno, jijnu, smadi, sisku)	130
ciska	ci'a	write	x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe[also x3 writing surface]; (cf. papri, penbi, pinsi, tcidu, xatra, pixra, prina, finti for 'author' or specific authorial works, barna, pinka)	131
ti	KOhA6	this here	pro-sumti: this here; immediate demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near speaker	132
stedu	sed	head	x1 is a/the head [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: uppermost portion][skull (= sedbo'u)]; (cf. drudi, mebri, xedja, besna, flira, mapku)	133
pluta	lut lu'a	route	x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set)[a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]; (cf. litru, naxle, tcana, dargu, klaji, ve klama; tadji, zukte for means to a goal, klama, pagre)	134
ke'a	KOhA7	relativized it	pro-sumti: relativized sumti (object of relative clause)	135
mu'i	BAI	because of motive	mukti modal, 1st place because of motive ...	136
nenri	ner ne'i	in	x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2][indicates total containment]; (cf. se vasru (for containment that need not be total), jbini, zvati, cpana, sruri, senta, snuji, bartu, diklo, jibni, jinru, setca)	137
.ie	UI1	agreement	attitudinal: agreement - disagreement (cf. tugni)	138
cizra	ciz	strange	x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka)[also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic]; (cf. ranxi, rirci, fange, banli)	139
ractu		rabbit	x1 is a rabbit/hare/[doe] of species/breed x2(cf. mabru, kerlo)	140
xruti	xru	return	x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4[x2 goes back/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)]; (cf. benji, krefu, rapli, rinka)	141
simlu	mlu	seem	x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4[also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)]; (cf. catlu, viska, simsa, zgana, ganse, jarco)	142
ci	PA1	3	digit/number: 3 (digit) [three]	143
drani	dra	correct	x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4(cf. srera, mapti)	144
di'a	ZAhO	resumptitive	event contour for resumption of a paused process	145
gi	GI	connective medial	logical connective: all but tanru-internal forethought connective medial marker	146
voksa	vok vo'a	voice	x1 is a voice/speech sound of individual x2(cf. sance, tirna, bacru)	147
jitfa	jif	false	x1 (du'u) is false/is an untruth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2[words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. fatci, stace, jetnu, cfika)	148
ze'a	ZEhA	medium time interval	time tense interval: a medium length of time	149
tsali	tsa	strong	x1 is strong/powerful/[tough] in property/quality x2 (ka) by standard x3(cf. ralci, ruble, carmi, vlipa)	150
krixa	kix ki'a	cry out	x1 cries out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier(cf. klaku, bacru)	151
dukse	dus du'e	excess	x1 is an excess of/too much of x2 by standard x3[cloying (= maldu'e, tolpu'adu'e)]; (cf. bancu, banzu, ricfu, zmadu)	152
jundi	jud ju'i	attentive	x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2(cf. kurji, zvati)	153
tcidu	tid	read	x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader(cf. ciska, cukta, karni)	154
dei	KOhA2	this utterance	pro-sumti: this utterance	155
jinvi	jiv ji'i	opine	x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4[words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] (cf. cmavo list pe'i, ciksi, jijnu, nabmi, pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, pinka)	156
preti	ret rei	question	x1 (quoted text) is a question/query about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4(cf. nabmi, danfu, ciksi, frati, spuda, cpedu)	157
za'i	NU1	state abstract	abstractor: state (event) abstractor; x1 is continuous state of [bridi] being true	158
ponse	pos po'e	possess	x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3(x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent); (cf. ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, srana, tutra, turni, zivle)	159
sipna	sip	sleep	x1 is asleep (adjective); x1 sleeps/is sleeping(cf. senva, tatpi, cikna, sanji)	160
zoi	ZOI	non-Lojban quote	delimited non-Lojban quotation; the result treated as a block of text	161
bacru	ba'u	utter	x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2[also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)]; (cf. krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, voksa, pinka)	162
to'e	NAhE	polar opposite	polar opposite scalar negator	163
mlatu	lat	cat	x1 is a cat/[puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline(cf. cinfo, tirxu, gerku)	164
zo'u	ZOhU	end prenex	marks end of logical prenex quantifiers/topic identification and start of sentence bridi	165
skami	sam	computer	x1 is a computer for purpose x2(cf. kanji, minji, pensi)	166
xabju	xa'u	dwell	x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2(cf. ginka, zdani, zvati, stuzi, jmive, stali, vitke)	167
fasnu	fau	event	x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence(cf. cmavo list fau, krefu, lifri, fatci, rapli; gasnu, zukte, if specifically agentive, banli)	168
melbi	mel mle	beautiful	x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4[also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful]; (cf. pluka, xamgu)	169
mo'u	ZAhO	completive	interval event contour: at the natural ending point of ...; completive |    >|<	170
zukte	zuk zu'e	act	x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3[also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end]; (cf. cmavo list zu'e, bapli, gunka, jalge, krinu, mukti, rinka, snuti, gasnu, fasnu, minji, prenu, ciksi, jibri, pilno, pluta, tadji, tutci)	171
kakne	ka'e	able	x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state)[also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)]; (cf. stati, certu, gasnu (in the time-free potential sense), cmavo list ka'e, cmavo list nu'o, cmavo list pu'i, djuno, zifre)	172
lojbo	lob jbo	Lojbanic	x1 reflects [Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2[pre-Lojban forms of Loglan (= dzejbo)] (cf. bangu, logji)	173
smacu		mouse	x1 is a mouse of species/breed x2(cf. ratcu)	174
ja'a	NA	bridi affirmer	bridi logical affirmer; scope is an entire bridi	175
fe	FA	2nd sumti place	sumti place tag: tag 2nd sumti place	176
noroi	ROI*	never	tense interval modifier: never; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense	177
du	GOhA	same identity as	identity selbri; = sign; x1 identically equals x2, x3, etc.; attached sumti refer to same thing	178
pi	PA3	decimal point	digit/number: radix (number base) point; default decimal	179
be'o	BEhO	end linked sumti	elidable terminator: end linked sumti in specified description	180
spuda	spu	reply	x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3[x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something.  "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing];(cf. cusku, preti, nabmi, danfu, frati, cpedu)	181
lisri	lis	story	x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4[also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author]; (cf. ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, pemci)	182
jibni	jbi	near	x1 is near/close to/approximates x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni)(cf. darno, nenri, vanbi, jbini, lamji, zvati, cpana, bartu, diklo, stuzi)	183
.au	UI1	desire	attitudinal: desire - indifference - reluctance (cf. djica)	184
ru'e	CAI	weak emotion	attitudinal: weak intensity attitude modifier	185
.e'u	UI1	suggestion	attitudinal: suggestion - abandon suggest - warning (cf. stidi, kajde)	186
sepi'o	BAI*	using tool	pilno modal, 2nd place (instrumental) tool/machine/apparatus/acting entity; using (tool) ...	187
ke'u	UI3	repeating	discursive: repeating - continuing (cf. refbasna, krefu, rapli, velde'a)	188
mai	MAI	sentence ordinal	utterance ordinal suffix; converts a number to an ordinal, such as an item or paragraph number	189
fa'a	FAhA4	towards point	location tense relation/direction; arriving at/directly towards ...	190
blabi	lab	white	x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective][pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)]; (cf. skari, xekri, grusi, kandi, manku, carmi, bakri, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)	191
simsa	smi	similar	x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2[also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis]; (cf. dunli, frica, mintu, panra, simlu, vrici)	192
diklo	klo	local	x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3[indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b.  What is the locality on b that a hits?  Thus x1 is associated with a specific narrow region/interval x2 of wider space/range x3]; (cf. cmavo list di'o, jibni, zvati, cpana, nenri, lamji, stuzi, tcila)	193
ca'a	CAhA	actually is	modal aspect: actuality/ongoing event	194
zbasu	zba	make	x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3[should not be used to express causation]; (cf. cupra, larcu, rutni, finti, gundi)	195
milxe	mli	mild	x1 is mild/non-extreme/gentle/middling/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2(cf. mutce, traji, kandi, ruble, midju, nutli, ralci, traji)	196
vorme	vor vro	door	x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4[note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)]; (cf. canko, ganlo, kalri, murta, pagre, bitmu, kuspe)	197
kanla	kal	eye	x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular[x1 is optic]; (cf. jvinu, kerlo, viska, kumte)	198
ja	JA	tanru or	logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought or	199
cilre	cli	learn	x1 learns x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (obj./event) by method x5 (event/process)(cf. ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule)	200
ni	NU	amount abstract	abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [bridi] measured on scale x2	201
zutse	zut tse	sit	x1 sits [assumes sitting position] on surface x2(cf. stizu, cpana, vreta)	202
za	ZI	medium time	time tense distance: medium distance in time	203
za'a	UI2	I observe	evidential: I observe (cf. zgana, lanli)	204
.ai	UI1	intent	attitudinal: intent - indecision - rejection/refusal (cf. termu'i, terzu'e, seljdi, selcu'a)	205
farlu	fal fa'u	fall	x1 falls/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4[note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] (cf. lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu)	206
gasnu	gau	do	x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2(cf. cmavo list gau, gunka, zukte, rinka, fasnu for non-agentive events, jibri, kakne, pilno)	207
.uu	UI1	pity	attitudinal: pity - cruelty (cf. kecti)	208
cevni	cev cei	god	x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine[also divinity; x2 religion refers to the religious community as a mass]; (cf. censa, krici, lijda, malsi)	209
xance	xan xa'e	hand	x1 is a/the hand [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: manipulating tool, waldo][(adjective:) x1 is manual]; (cf. birka, degji, jitro, xlura, jamfu, tamji)	210
re'u	ROI	ordinal tense	converts number to an objectively quantified ordinal tense interval modifier; defaults to time	211
mi'a	KOhA3	we, not you	pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & others unspecified, but not you, the listener	212
cpacu	cpa	get	x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied][also fetch; accept a gift (= seldu'acpa)]; (cf. punji, lebna, vimcu)	213
sa	SA	erase utterance	erase complete or partial utterance; next word shows how much erasing to do	214
denpa	dep de'a	wait	x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4]; (cf. dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, pandi)	215
jai	JAI	modal conversion	convert tense/modal (tagged) place to 1st place; 1st place moves to extra FA place (fai)	216
ku'o	KUhO	end relative clause	elidable terminator: end NOI relative clause; always elidable, but preferred in complex clauses	217
cu'i	CAI	neutral emotion	attitudinal: neutral scalar attitude modifier	218
djedi	dje dei	full day	x1 is x2 full days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal[today (= cabdei); tomorrow (= bavlamdei); yesterday (= prulamdei)]; (cf. donri, detri, jeftu, masti, nanca, nicte, tcika)	219
vimcu	vic vi'u	remove	x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4[also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent]; (cf. lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, cliva, jdika)	220
bajra	baj	run	x1 runs on surface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4(cf. cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, plipe, cpare)	221
pendo	ped pe'o	friend	x1 is/acts as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1(cf. bradi, xendo, nelci, prami, bradi)	222
binxo	bix bi'o	become	x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3[resultative, not-necessarily agentive, change]; (cf. cenba for non-resultative, galfi for agentive, stika for non-resultative, non-agentive change; zasni)	223
gleki	gek gei	happy	x1 is happy/gay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state)[adversity (= kamnalgei)]; (cf. badri, cinmo)	224
morji	moj mo'i	remember	x1 remembers/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3(cf. cmavo list ba'anai, menli, pensi, sanji, djuno, notci)	225
fengu	feg fe'u	angry	x1 is angry/mad at x2 for x3 (action/state/property)(cf. fanza, dunku)	226
djacu	jac jau	water	x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[aquatic][aquatic (= jaupli)]; (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, limna, litki, lumci, bumru, jinto)	227
.a'o	UI1	hope	attitudinal: hope - despair (cf. pacna)	228
da'i	UI3	supposing	discursive: supposing - in fact (cf. sruma)	229
ce	JOI	in a set with	non-logical connective: set link, unordered; "and also", but forming a set	230
ge	GA	fore and	logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal and (with gi)	231
zgana	zga	observe	x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4[behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)]; (cf. cmavo list ga'a, ganse, viska, catlu, tirna, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, catlu, jarco, lanli, pinka, simlu)	232
li'a	UI3	clearly	discursive: clearly - obscurely (cf. klina)	233
.e'e	UI1	competence	attitudinal: competence - incompetence/inability (cf. kakne, certu)	234
kansa	kan	with	x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state)[x1 is together with/along with x2] (cf. kagni, jorne, gunma, girzu, lasna)	235
za'u	PA3	greater than	digit/number: greater than	236
pinka	pik	comment	x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4[also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, cusku, zgana, lanli, bacru, ciska)	237
po'o	UI3b	uniquely	discursive: uniquely, only, solely: the only relevant case (cf. pamei, mulno, frica)	238
bau	BAI	in language	bangu modal, 1st place in language ...	239
banzu	baz	suffice	x1 (object) suffices/is enough/sufficient for purpose x2 under conditions x3(cf. dukse, claxu, nitcu, ricfu, curmi)	240
cinri	ci'i	interesting	x1 (abstraction) interests/is interesting to x2; x2 is interested in x1[use x1 tu'a for non-specific interest in an object; interested in (= selci'i)]; (cf. zdile, kucli, manci, kurji)	241
jmive	miv ji'e	live	x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing[(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic]; (cf. lifri, morsi, stuzi, zvati, xabju)	242
zi'e	ZIhE	rel clause joiner	joins relative clauses which apply to the same sumti	243
casnu	snu	discuss	x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2 [also chat, converse]; (cf. bacru, cusku, darlu, tavla)	244
terpa	tep te'a	fear	x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object)[also: x1 feels terror about x2; x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)]; (cf. snura, xalni, xanka, virnu)	245
cipni	cpi	bird	x1 is a bird/avian/fowl of species x2(cf. datka, gunse, jipci, nalci, pimlu, vofli, xruki, danlu)	246
traji	rai	superlative	x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4[also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is the x3 end of x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3]; (cf. cmavo list rai, jimte, milxe, mutce, note contrast with milxe and mutce rather than with mleca and zmadu, which are values for x3, banli, curve, fanmo, krasi, manfo, prane)	247
cnita	nit ni'a	beneath	x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3[also underside, nether]; (cf. dizlo, gapru, galtu, farna, loldi)	248
smuni	mun smu	meaning	x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3[referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)]; (cf. jimpe, sinxa, valsi, tanru, gismu, lujvo, cmavo, jufra)	249
za'o	ZAhO	superfective	interval event contour: continuing too long after natural end of ...; superfective |     ---->	250
tadni	tad	study	x1 studies/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly(cf. ckule, cilre, ctuca)	251
kelci	kel kei	play	x1 [agent] plays with plaything/toy x2[play game (= ci'erkei), play competitively (= jvikei)]; (cf. jivna, jinga, zdile)	252
goi	GOI	pro-sumti assign	sumti assignment; used to define/assign ko'a/fo'a series pro-sumti; Latin 'sive'	253
rinka	rik ri'a	cause	x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3[x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2]; (cf. gasnu, krinu, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, bapli, jitro, cmavo list ri'a, mukti, ciksi, xruti)	254
smaji	sma	quiet	x1 (source) is quiet/silent/[still] at observation point x2 by standard x3(cf. kerlo, panpi, savru, tirna)	255
ne	GOI	incidental phrase	non-restrictive relative phrase marker: which incidentally is associated with ...	256
de	KOhA1	something 2	logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 2 (usually restricted)	257
rokci	rok ro'i	rock	x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains rock/stone of type/composition x2 from location x3[x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification];(cf. kunra, jemna, canre)	258
mu	PA1	5	digit/number: 5 (digit) [five]	259
zasti	zat za'i	exist	x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3[words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)]; (cf. fatci, xanri)	260
loldi	lol loi	floor	x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2[floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)]; (cf. bitmu, drudi, dertu, dizlo, cnita, zbepi, sarji, serti)	261
mulno	mul mu'o	complete	x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely]; (cf. fanmo, culno, pagbu, xadba, prane, jalge, sumji, munje, sisti, xadni)	262
mlana	mla	side	x1 is to the side of/lateral to x2 and facing x3 from point of view/in-frame-of-reference x4(cf. crane, trixe, pritu, zunle which differ in that the direction of facing is the front and not the lateral side.  The x4 of mlana may be either the front, or back side of x2, korbi)	263
zo'e	KOhA7	unspecif it	pro-sumti: an elliptical/unspecified value; has some value which makes bridi true	264
ta'i	BAI	by method	tadji modal, 1st place (in manner 3) methodically; by method ...	265
su'o	PA4	at least	digit/number: at least (some); no less than	266
jmina	min	add	x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 augments x2 by amount x3(cf. zmadu, banro, sumji, zenba, setca)	267
ko'e	KOhA4	it-2	pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #2 (specified by goi)	268
mi'o	KOhA3	me and you	pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & you the listener(s)	269
badri	dri	sad	x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction)(cf. klaku, gleki, betri, cinmo, junri)	270
clani	cla	long	x1 is long in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3(cf. slabu, condi, ganra, rotsu, tordu, barda, ganra, gutci, minli, rotsu)	271
vasru	vas vau	contain	x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2[also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)]; (cf. bartu, jbini, nenri, zvati, cpana, botpi, lanka)	272
.e'o	UI1	request	attitudinal: request - negative request (cf. cpedu, pikci)	273
finti	fin fi'i	invent	x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4[x1 is creative/inventive]; (cf. cmavo list fi'e, ciska, pemci, zbasu, larcu, specific works of authorship, prosa, skina)	274
tonga	tog to'a	tone	x1 is a tone/note of frequency/pitch x2 from source x3(cf. rilti, zgike, janbe, siclu)	275
banli	bal ba'i	great	x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3[indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)]; (cf. barda, nobli, se sinma, pluja, misno, vajni, fasnu, cizra, traji, mutce, se manci)	276
cadzu	dzu	walk	x1 walks/strides/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3(cf. stapa, bajra, klama, litru)	277
carmi	cam cai	intense	x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)]; (cf. denmi, gusni, kandi, ruble, skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)	278
pagbu	pag pau	part	x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1[partly (= selpau)]; (cf. cmavo list pa'u, mulno, xadba, spisa, gunma, rafsi)	279
cai	CAI	intense emotion	attitudinal: strong intensity attitude modifier	280
punji	puj pu'i	put	x1 (agent) puts/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3(cf. cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca)	281
pinxe	pix	drink	x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3(cf. cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, xaksu, barja, birje)	282
jersi	je'i	chase	x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2[x1 follows after x2]; (cf. kavbu, rivbi, kalte, lidne)	283
bevri	bev bei	carry	x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter][alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]; (cf. marce, muvdu, benji, klama)	284
ru'a	UI2	I postulate	evidential: I postulate (cf. sruma)	285
cnino	nin ni'o	new	x1 is new/unfamiliar/novel to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a novelty(cf. nuzba, slabu, citno, se djuno)	286
kevna	kev ke'a	cavity	x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1[also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)]; (cf. fenra, kunti, canlu, canko, galxe, tubnu)	287
je'u	UI3	truth	discursive: truth - falsity (cf. jetnu)	288
cfipu	fi'u	confusing	x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka)(cf. pluja, cfipu, zunti)	289
cumki	cum cu'i	possible	x1 (event/state/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a maybe[also possibility]; (cf. lakne, cumki)	290
dunda	dud du'a	give	x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange][also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydu'a, posyseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, friti, sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali)	291
gapru	gap	above	x1 is directly/vertically above/upwards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3(cf. tsani, galtu, cnita, drudi, gacri, dizlo, farna)	292
bangu	ban bau	language	x1 is a/the language/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote)[also tongue]; (cf. tance, cusku, ve tavla, valsi, gerna, jufra, natmi, slaka)	293
cinmo	cni	emotion	x1 feels emotion x2 (ka) about x3[also mood/humor (= nuncni)]; (cf. cmavo list ci'o, cumla, jilra, nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, manci, prami, steba, zungi, badri, burna, gleki)	294
fanmo	fam fa'o	end	x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness][x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)]; (cf. krasi, cfari, mulno, sisti, denpa, jipno, kojna, traji, krasi)	295
banro	ba'o	grow	x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3[also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases]; (cf. farvi, zenba, jmina, barda, makcu, ferti)	296
mintu	mit mi'u	same	x1 is the same/identical thing as x2 by standard x3; (x1 and x2 interchangeable)(cf. panra, satci, mapti, simsa, drata, dunli, cmavo list du - which has no standard place, simxu)	297
snada	sad	succeed	x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3[also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)]; (cf. fliba, troci, jgira)	298
krinu	rin ki'u	reason	x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state)(cf. ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se jalge, te zukte, cmavo list ki'u, bapli)	299
vajni	vaj vai	important	x1 (object/event) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka)[also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/respect x3]; (cf. banli, ralju, vamji, dirba, kargu, pajni)	300
jufra	juf ju'a	sentence	x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3[phrase (= jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla, gensle)]; (cf. valsi, bangu, gerna, cusku, smuni)	301
si	SI	erase word	erase the last Lojban word, treating non-Lojban text as a single word	302
morsi	mro	dead	x1 is dead/has ceased to be alive[die/mortal (= mrobi'o, co'urji'e)]; (cf. jmive, catra, betri)	303
tatpi	ta'i	tired	x1 is tired/fatigued by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/wants rest(cf. cikna, sipna, surla)	304
ki'e	COI	thanks	vocative: thanks - no thanks to you	305
.u'u	UI1	repentance	attitudinal: repentance - lack of regret - innocence (cf. xenru, zugycni)	306
pi'o	BAI	used by	pilno modal, 1st place used by ...	307
danlu	dal da'u	animal	x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate(cf. banfi, cinki, cipni, finpe, jukni, respa, since, mabru, bakni)	308
co'u	ZAhO	cessative	interval event contour: at the ending point of ... even if not done; cessative |  >< |	309
slabu	sau	familiar	x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4[This can cover both meanings of old.  Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis.  However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)]; (cf. clani, citno, cnino, se djuno; not the opposite of citno, djuno)	310
ckule	kul cu'e	school	x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audien./commun. x4 operated by x5 [also college, university]; (cf. cilre, ctuca, tadni)	311
.ia	UI1	belief	attitudinal: belief - skepticism - disbelief (cf. krici, jinvi)	312
no'u	GOI	incidental identity	non-restrictive appositive phrase marker: which incidentally is the same thing as ...	313
cmima	mim cmi	member	x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2[x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership]; (cf. ciste, porsi, jbini, girzu, gunma, klesi, cmavo list mei, kampu, lanzu, liste)	314
xanka		nervous	x1 is nervous/anxious about x2 (abstraction) under conditions x3(cf. xalni, terpa, raktu)	315
gusni	gus gu'i	illumine	x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3[x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)](cf. dirce, manku, solri, carmi, ctino, kantu)	316
zmadu	zma mau	more	x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4[also positive (= nonmau)]; (cf. cmavo list mau, mleca, zenba, jmina, bancu, dukse, traji)	317
sance	sna	sound	x1 is sound produced/emitted by x2[x2 sounds (intransitive verb)]; (cf. savru, tirna, voksa, siclu, slaka)	318
pixra	pir xra	picture	x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4[also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/xraci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)]; (cf. ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, barna, skina)	319
galfi	gaf ga'i	modify	x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3[agentive, resultative change]; (cf. stika for non-resultative, binxo for not-necessarily agentive change, cenba for non-resultative change; zasni)	320
mitre	tre	meter	x1 is x2 meter(s) [metric unit] in length (default 1) measured in direction x3 by standard x4(cf. kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)	321
.a'u	UI1	interest	attitudinal: interest - disinterest - repulsion (cf. cinri, selcni)	322
tezu'e	BAI*	with goal	zukte modal, 3rd place purposefully; (as an action) with goal ...	323
darxi	dax da'i	hit	x1 hits/strikes/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4(cf. bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, tikpa, janli, jgari, pencu)	324
sanli	sa'i	stand	x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3[x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field]; (cf. kamju, sraji, tuple, zbepi, sarji)	325
jamfu	jaf jma	foot	x1 is a/the foot [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lowest portion] (adjective:) x1 is pedal(cf. jicmu, genja, zbepi, tuple, jubme, xance, tamji)	326
ce'u	KOhA8	lambda	pseudo-quantifier binding a variable within an abstraction that represents an open place	327
so'o	PA4	several	digit/number: several	328
mapti	mat	fit	x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3(cf. satci, tugni, sarxe, drani, tarmi, ckini, mintu)	329
cukta	cku	book	x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5[x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)]; (cf. cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, papri)	330
stuzi	tuz stu	site	x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event)[generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location]; (cf. cmavo list tu'i, jmive, diklo, zvati, tcini, xabju, jibni, judri, lamji, mokca, stali)	331
mentu	met me'u	minute	x1 is x2 minutes in duration (default is 1 minute) by standard x3(cf. junla, cacra, snidu, tcika)	332
stici	sic	west	x1 is to the west/western side of x2 according to frame of reference x3(cf. stuna, berti, snanu, farna)	333
mu'a	UI3	for example	discursive: for example - omitting - end examples (cf. mupli)	334
bebna	beb	foolish	x1 is foolish/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob(cf. fenki, xajmi, prije, fliba)	335
piro	PA*	all of	number: all of	336
pluka	puk pu'a	pleasant	x1 (event/state) seems pleasant to/pleases x2 under conditions x3(cf. rigni, cmavo list pu'a, melbi, nelci, prami)	337
korbi	kor koi	edge	x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3(cf. cmavo list koi, greku, mlana, jimte, ctebi, bartu)	338
ze'u	ZEhA	long time interval	time tense interval: a long amount of time	339
fenki	fek	crazy	x1 (action/event) is crazy/insane/mad/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2(cf. bebna, racli, xajmi)	340
po'u	GOI	restrictive identity	restrictive appositive phrase marker: which is the same thing as	341
ne'i	FAhA3	within	location tense relation/direction; within/inside of/into ...	342
terdi	ted	earth	x1 is the Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound(cf. lunra, plini, solri, kensa, tsani; dertu for ground, dirt, except when used to express physical relative frame of reference [e.g. on the ground, the ground beneath us], tsani)	343
bartu	bar	out	x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is exterior to x2(cf. jibni, nenri, sruri, lamji, korbi, calku, vasru)	344
sanji	saj	conscious	x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract)[also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses]; (cf. menli, morji, ganse, sipna, cikna)	345
flira	fir	face	x1 is a/the face [head/body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is facial(cf. sefta, stedu, crane, mebri)	346
nandu	nad	difficult	x1 is difficult/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive) x2(cf. frili, nabmi, jdari, talsa, tinsa)	347
cpana		upon	x1 is upon/atop/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3(x1 may be object or event); (cf. se vasru, jbini, zvati, nenri, vreta, ckana, diklo, jibni, lamji, zutse, punji for lay upon, sarji, zbepi)	348
xamsi	xas	sea	x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine[also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)]; (cf. daplu, djacu, lalxu, rirxe, tumla, vacri, zbani, ctaru)	349
darno	dar da'o	far	x1 is far/distant from x2 in property x3 (ka)(cf. jibni)	350
tcati		tea	x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of tea brewed from leaves x2(cf. ckafi)	351
penmi	pen pe'i	meet	x1 meets/encounters x2 at/in location x3(cf. jorne, jikca, pencu)	352
bitmu	bim bi'u	wall	x1 is a wall/fence separating x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4(cf. jbini, sepli, fendi, canko, drudi, kumfa, loldi, senta, snuji, pagre, gacri, kuspe, marbi, vorme)	353
so'u	PA4	few	digit/number: few	354
pagre	gre	pass through	x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))]; (cf. bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, vorme, pluta, canko, ragve)	355
zu'o	NU1	activity abstract	abstractor: activity (event) abstractor; x1 is abstract activity of [bridi] composed of x2	356
jubme	jub jbu	table	x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3(cf. ckana, jamfu, nilce, zbepi, tsina, stizu)	357
jgari	jai	grasp	x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2)[hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)]; (cf. ralte, pencu, darxi, batke, rinju)	358
di'e	KOhA2	next utterance	pro-sumti: the next utterance	359
tricu	ric	tree	x1 is a tree of species/cultivar x2(cf. cindu, ckunu, pezli, mudri, spati)	360
roroi	ROI*	always	tense interval modifier: always; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense	361
botpi	bot bo'i	bottle	x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4(cf. baktu, lante, patxu, tansi, tanxe, vasru, gacri)	362
jemna	jme	gem	x1 is a gem/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3[also jewel (= jmeja'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme)]; (cf. kunra, rokci, jadni, dirba, kargu, krili, pulji)	363
vo'a	KOhA4	x1 it	pro-sumti: repeats 1st place of main bridi of this sentence	364
ta'e	TAhE	habitually	tense interval modifier: habitually; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense	365
sruri	rur sru	surround	x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3[(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)]; (cf. karli, senta, snuji, vanbi, se nenri, se jbini, bartu, djine)	366
fanva		translate	x1 translates text/utterance x2 to language x3 from language x4 with translation result x5(cf. cusku, bangu)	367
bilga	big	obliged	x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2[also x3 frame of reference]; (cf. zifre, fuzme)	368
vo	PA1	4	digit/number: 4 (digit) [four]	369
mukti	muk mu'i	motive	x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3[also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)]; (cf. cmavo list mu'i, nibli, te zukte - generally better for 'goal', se jalge, krinu, rinka, ciksi, djica, xlura)	370
gerku	ger ge'u	dog	x1 is a dog/canine/[bitch] of species/breed x2(cf. lorxu, labno, mlatu)	371
ni'i	BAI	because of logic	nibli modal, 1st place logically; logically because ...	372
jinga	jig ji'a	win	x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4[also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyji'a, posyselji'a for unambiguous semantics)];  (cf. cirko, jivna, talsa, cnemu, prali, pleji, sfasa, jdima, jerna, bradi, kargu, kelci)	373
vacri	var	air	x1 is a quantity of air/normally-gaseous atmosphere of planet x2, of composition including x3(cf. gapci, kijno, trano, tumla, vasxu, xamsi)	374
tu	KOhA6	that yonder	pro-sumti: that yonder; distant demonstrative it; indicated thing far from speaker&listener	375
sisti	sti	cease	x1 [agent] ceases/stops/halts/ends activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it](cf. fanmo, mulno, cfari, denpa, fliba)	376
bu'u	FAhA3	coincident with	location tense relation/direction; coincident with/at the same place as; space equivalent of ca	377
nuzba	nuz	news	x1 (du'u) is news/tidings/new information about subject x2 from source x3, to observer x4(cf. cnino, notci)	378
purdi	pud	garden	x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3[orchard (= ricpurdi)]; (cf. foldi, cange, panka)	379
gugde	gug gu'e	country	x1 is the country of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship)[also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)]; (cf. turni, natmi, jecta, tumla, tutra, lanci)	380
krici	kri	believe	x1 believes [without evidence/proof] belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3["without evidence" refers to objective external evidence; also gives credence, has conviction]; (cf. censa, cevni, lijda, makfa, malsi, senpi, birti)	381
sisku	sis	seek	x1 seeks/searches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set)[if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2]; (cf. cirko, kalte, kavbu, kucli, rivbi, manci, facki)	382
junri	jur	serious	x1 (person) is serious/earnest/has gravity about x2 (event/state/activity)[also solemn (= drijunri, ri'irjunri, tcejunri)]; (cf. tilju, xalbo, badri, ritli)	383
kucli		curious	x1 is curious/wonders about/is interested in/[inquisitive about] x2 (object/abstract)[inquisitive (= retkucli)]; (cf. manci, sisku, se cinri)	384
cladu	lau	loud	x1 is loud/noisy at observation point x2 by standard x3(cf. savru)	385
dirba	dib	dear	x1 is dear/precious/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2[x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydirba for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, jadni, jemna)	386
canci		vanish	x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3[also leaves, goes away (one sense)]; (cf. cliva, ganse, zgana, lebna, vimcu)	387
xi	XI	subscript	subscript; attaches a numer of letteral string following as a subscript onto grammar structures	388
broda	rod	predicate var 1	1st assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure)(cf. cmavo list bu'a)	389
sanga	sag sa'a	sing	x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3[melody (= sagzgi, ralsagzgi), harmony (= saxsagzgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)]; (cf. pemci, rimni, rilti, siclu)	390
sidbo	sib si'o	idea	x1 (idea abstract) is an idea/concept/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3[also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational]; (cf. ciksi, jijnu, mucti, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, xanri, cmavo list si'o)	391
ja'o	UI2	I conclude	evidential: I conclude (cf. selni'i, ni'ikri)	392
fenra	fer fe'a	crack	x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2(cf. kevna, cfila, jinto)	393
la'o	ZOI	the non-Lojban named	delimited non-Lojban name; the resulting quote sumti is treated as a name	394
ckaji	kai	quality	x1 has/is characterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1 [manifested/property/quality/trait/feature/aspect (= selkai)]; (cf. cmavo list kai, tcaci, tcini)	395
kurji	kuj ku'i	take care of	x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person)[also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2]; (cf. jundi, cinri, prami, raktu, zgana)	396
notci	not noi	message	x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4[emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience.  xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)]; (cf. xatra, nuzba, mrilu, morji)	397
ganra	gan	broad	x1 is broad/wide in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3(cf. clani, jarki, rotsu, condi, barda, gutci, minli)	398
muvdu	muv mu'u	move	x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4[also mobile (= comymu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. rinci, klama (which differs in that the means of motion is explicit), litru, cliva, fatri; dunda, benji for agentive movement that does not necessarily imply alienation from origin, preja for similar movement with no agent implied, bevri, vimcu)	399
ru'i	TAhE	continuously	tense interval modifier: continuously; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense	400
selfu	sef se'u	serve	x1 (agent) serves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant (noun) of x2 performing x3(cf. sidju, sarji, gunka)	401
dizlo	diz dzi	low	x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3[also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. cnita, galtu, gapru, farna, loldi)	402
condi	con cno coi	deep	x1 is deep in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4(cf. clani, caxno, bargu, ganra, rotsu, barda, gutci, minli)	403
berti	ber	north	x1 is to the north/northern side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of reference x3 (cf. snanu, stici, stuna, farna)	404
tarmi	tam tai	shape	x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)]; (cf. nejni, morna; te marji for physical shape, tapla, bliku, kubli, kurfa, cukla, mapti, morna, sarlu)	405
temci	tem tei	time	x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3[also age/elapsed time (= niltei)]; (cf. cacra, cedra, citsi, ranji, tcika, junla, renvi)	406
renro	rer re'o	throw	x1 throws/launches/casts/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1)(cf. cecla (more general term), danti)	407
stuna	sun	east	x1 is to the east/eastern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3(cf. stici, berti, snanu, farna)	408
zenba	zen ze'a	increase	x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3(cf. jdika, zmadu, banro, jmina)	409
nitcu	tcu	need	x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3[no implication of lack]; (cf. banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, xebni, sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji)	410
vau	VAU	end simple bridi	elidable: end of sumti in simple bridi; in compound bridi, separates common trailing sumti	411
dai	UI5	empathy	attitudinal modifier: marks empathetic use of preceding attitudinal; shows another's feelings (cf. cnijmi)	412
since		snake	x1 is a snake/serpent of species/breed x2(cf. curnu, danlu, respa, vindu)	413
ciksi	cki	explain	x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u)[explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause]; (cf. cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, mukti, nabmi, preti, rinka, sidbo, zukte, tavla)	414
ninmu	nim ni'u	woman	x1 is a woman/women; x1 is a female humanoid person [not necessarily adult][word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)]; (cf. nanmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nixli)	415
tcika		time of day	x1 [hours, {minutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4[also o'clock, time-of-day]; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list ti'u, cacra, cerni, detri, donri, djedi, junla, nicte, mentu, snidu, temci, vanci, dirba, mokca)	416
spaji	paj	surprise	x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2[also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= tepspaji)]; (cf. manci, jenca, bredi, suksa)	417
birka	bir	arm	x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength][also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)]; (cf. jimca, janco, xance, rebla)	418
cfari	cfa	initiate	x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb)(cf. sisti, krasi, fanmo)	419
pacna	pa'a	hope	x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens[also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers ("li piso'u" to "li piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)]; (cf. djica)	420
secau	BAI*	without	claxu modal, 2nd place (lacking) without ...	421
ta'o	UI3	by the way	discursive: by the way - returning to main point (cf. denpa, cneterta'a)	422
krefu	ref ke'u	recur	x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1[also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion]; (cf. fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, xruti)	423
klaku	kak	weep	x1 weeps/cries tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state)(cf. badri, krixa)	424
jarco	ja'o	show	x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3[reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)]; (cf. tigni, cipra, zgana, jvinu, lanli, mipri, simlu)	425
litru	li'u	travel	x1 travels/journeys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller(x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly); (cf. bajra, cadzu, cpare, tcana, klama, cliva, pluta, limna, muvdu)	426
ledo	LE*	your described as	possessive/associative descriptor: the one(s) described as, of yours	427
pu'o	ZAhO	anticipative	interval event contour: in anticipation of ...; until ... ; inchoative         ----|     |	428
jo'u	JOI	in common with	non-logical connective: in common with; along with (unmixed)	429
.i'a	UI1	acceptance	attitudinal: acceptance - blame (cf. nalna'e, nalpro, no'epro, nalzugjdi)	430
lemi	LE*	my described as	possessive/associative descriptor: the one(s) described as, of mine	431
tilju	tij	heavy	x1 is heavy/weighty in mass/weight by standard x2(cf. linto; carmi, se junri for metaphor, bunda, junta)	432
lebna	leb le'a	take	x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor)[also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied]; (cf. punji, cpacu where volition or previous possession is not necessarily implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain possession, canci, cliva)	433
sidju	dju	help	x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3(cf. cmavo list si'u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, ferti, selfu)	434
sinxa	sni	sign	x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3[also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)]; (cf. lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, smuni)	435
tsani	tan	sky	x1 is an expanse of sky/the heavens at place x2; [celestial](cf. gapru, kensa, tarci, terdi)	436
desku	des	shake	x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2[also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion]; (cf. slilu, janbe)	437
ze'e	ZEhA	whole time interval	time tense interval: the whole of time	438
ze'i	ZEhA	short time interval	time tense interval: an instantaneous/tiny/short amount of time	439
remna	rem re'a	human	x1 is a human/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human(cf. nanmu, ninmu, prenu)	440
nanba	nab	bread	x1 is a quantity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2(cf. gurni, panlo, toknu)	441
snanu	nan	south	x1 is to the south/southern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3(cf. berti, stuna, stici, farna)	442
suksa	suk	sudden	x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3[also abrupt, discontinuous]; (cf. spaji, vitci, vlile)	443
prali	pal	profit	x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3[also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, sfasa, jerna, jdima, dunda, zivle)	444
fadni	fad	ordinary	x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set)[also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)]; (cf. cafne, rirci, kampu, lakne, tcaci, cnano)	445
lifri	lif fri	experience	x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1[also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 is empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)]; (cf. cmavo list ri'i, jmive, fasnu, renvi)	446
zunti	zun zu'i	interfere	x1 (evt./state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (evt./state/process) due to quality x3 (ka)[also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] (cf. fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, klina, bandu, cfipu, ganlo)	447
no'i	NIhO	old topic	discursive: paragraph break; resume previous topic	448
turni	tru	govern	x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2[x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))]; (cf. catni, minde, tutra, jecta, gugde, ponse, jitro)	449
zdile	zdi	amusing	x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2]; (cf. cinri, panka, xajmi for 'funny', kelci)	450
cribe	rib	bear	x1 is a bear/ursoid of species/breed x2(cf. danlu, mabru)	451
galtu	gal ga'u	high	x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3[also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. gapru, dizlo, cnita, drudi, farna)	452
liste	ste	list	x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4[also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified); (cf. porsi, girzu, cmima for mental objects wherein order is of varying importance; some manifested order is intrinsic to a physical list, but the specific order may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful)	453
minde	mid mi'e	command	x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur[also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)]; (cf. lacri, te bende, jatna, ralju, jitro, turni, tinbe)	454
rivbi	riv	avoid	x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event)[also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)]; (cf. bandu which is not necessarily successful, fanta, which is agentive, se jersi which implies an opposing agent, sisku, kalte, fapro)	455
fi'o	FIhO	selbri to modal	convert selbri to nonce modal/sumti tag	456
masno	sno	slow	x1 is slow/sluggish at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state)(cf. sutra)	457
stasu		soup	x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio [food] of ingredients including x2[x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. sanmi, mixre, salta, sanso)	458
srana	ra'a	pertain	x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2[also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2]; (cf. cmavo list ra'a, ckini, ponse, steci)	459
bei	BEI	link more sumti	separates multiple linked sumti within a selbri; used in descriptions	460
xlali	xla	bad	x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2[be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)]; (cf. palci, mabla, xamgu, betri)	461
cpare	par	climb	x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools](cf. klama, litru, bajra, farlu, plipe)	462
lujvo	luv jvo	affix compound	x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4(cf. stura, cmavo, gismu, rafsi, smuni)	463
jinto		well	x1 is a well/spring of fluid x2 at location x3(cf. krasi, djacu, fenra)	464
cifnu	cif	infant	x1 is an infant/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2[also infantile]; (cf. makcu, verba)	465
stali	sta	remain	x1 remains/stays at/abides/lasts with x2(cf. vitno, zasni, ralte, stodi, xabju, stuzi, renvi)	466
mamta	mam	mother	x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological](cf. patfu, sovda, rirni, rorci, tarbi, famti, bersa, jbena)	467
ju'i	COI	attention	vocative: attention - at ease - ignore me	468
xanri	xar	imaginary	x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2[also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist]; (cf. fatci, senva, sucta, zasti, cfika, dacti, menli, sidbo)	469
.uo	UI1	completion	attitudinal: completion - incompleteness (cf. mulno, mansa, fanmo, snada)	470
zu'e	BAI	with actor	zukte modal, 1st place (purposed agent) with goal-seeking actor ...	471
dacti	dai	object	x1 is a material object enduring in space-time; x1 is a thing(cf. marji, xanri)	472
vreta	vre	reclining	x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2(cf. cpana, surla, zutse, ckana, lazni)	473
nanmu	nau	man	x1 is a man/men; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily adult][word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)]; (cf. ninmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nanla, bersa)	474
rirxe	ri'e	river	x1 is a river of land mass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4(cf. flecu, senta for most metaphorical aspects; daplu, djacu, lalxu, xamsi, rinci, naxle)	475
spofu	pof po'u	broken	x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2[agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpo'uja'e)]; (cf. daspo, katna, porpi, se xrani, cikre)	476
trixe	rix ti'e	behind	x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3[also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)]; (cf. crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle)	477
cuntu	cu'u	affair	x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (ind./mass); x1 is x2's business[also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] (cf. jikca, srana)	478
datni		data	x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3[evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, sidydatni)] (cf. fatci, saske, vreji)	479
canko	ca'o	window	x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2(cf. vorme, bitmu, ganlo, murta, pagre, kevna, jvinu, kalri, kuspe)	480
benji	bej be'i	transfer	x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5[also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier]; (cf. muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, xruti, cradi, tivni, preja, cmavo list be'i, bevri, mrilu, tcana)	481
ro'a	UI4	social	emotion category/modifier: social - antisocial (cf. jikca)	482
zifre	zif zi'e	free	x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3[also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2]; (cf. pinfu, rinju, bilga, curmi, kakne, frili)	483
va	VA	there at	location tense distance: near to ... ; there at ...; a medium/small distance from ...	484
nanca	na'a	year	x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual[this year (= cabna'a); next year (= bavlamna'a); last year (= prulamna'a)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, masti)	485
cidja	dja	food	x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2(cf. citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina)	486
gau	BAI	with active agent	gasnu modal, 1st place agent/actor case tag with active agent ...	487
cisma		smile	x1 smiles/grins (facial expression)[smile/grin at something (= cismyfra)]; (cf. xajmi, cmila, frumu)	488
dansu		dance	x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2(cf. bende, zgike, zajba)	489
glico	gic gli	English	x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2[generally assume broadest sense of 'English'; may refer to 'English', pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normally requiring constraint = gligu'e, or simply redundancy = gligli-); British English, the norm language of the UK (= gliglibau)]; (cf. brito which refers to the United Kingdom as a whole or to the British empire, merko, sralo, kadno, skoto)	490
krasi	kra	source	x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process)[also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial]; (cf. fanmo, cmavo list ra'i, sabji, cfari, jipno, traji, kojna, genja, jicmu, sitna, jinto)	491
bredi	red bre	ready	x1 is ready/prepared for x2 (event)(cf. spaji, jukpa)	492
si'o	NU	concept abstract	abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [bridi]	493
ti'e	UI2	I hear	evidential: I hear (hearsay) (cf. tirna, sitna, tcidu)	494
ri'a	BAI	because of cause	rinka modal, 1st place (phys./mental) causal because ...	495
ji'i	PA4	approximately	digit/number: approximately (default the typical value in this context) (number)	496
zu	ZI	long time	time tense distance: long distance in time	497
so	PA1	9	digit/number: 9 (digit) [nine]	498
xusra	xus xu'a	assert	x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2]; (cf. natfe which is propositional and non-agentive, nupre)	499
ctuca	ctu	teach	x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event)[also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical]; (cf. ckule, cilre, tadni)	500
pe'u	COI	please	vocative: please	501
xagji		hunger	x1 hungers for x2; x1 needs/wants food/fuel x2(cf. cidja, citka, djica, nitcu, taske)	502
mrilu	mri	mail	x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 [also x4 post office, mailbox]; (cf. benji [in which the medium need not be a 3rd party service/system, and x2 need not consist of discrete units], notci, xatra, tcana)	503
dunli	dun du'i	equal	x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3[same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)]; (cf. cmavo list du'i, satci, frica, simsa, mintu)	504
danfu	daf	answer	x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2(cf. ciksi, frati, preti, nabmi, spuda for agentive response/reply, cpedu)	505
dasni	das	wear	x1 wears/is robed/garbed in x2 as a garment of type x3[x2 need not be intended for use as a garment (unlike taxfu)]; (cf. taxfu)	506
verba	ver ve'a	child	x1 is a child/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3[not necessarily human]; (cf. cifnu, makcu, citno, panzi, nanla, nixli, se rirni, bersa)	507
ge'u	GEhU	end relative phrase	elidable terminator: end relative/modal phrases; usually elidable in non-complex phrases	508
xo	PA5	number ?	digit/number: number/digit/lerfu question	509
certu	cre	expert	x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3[also competent, skilled]; (cf. djuno, stati, kakne)	510
frili	fil	easy	x1 (action) is easy/simple/facile for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 freely/easily(cf. nandu, sampu, zifre)	511
nicte	cte	night	x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal[tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow night (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); last night (= prulamcte)]; (cf. donri, djedi, tcika)	512
catra		kill	x1 (agent) kills/slaughters/murders x2 by action/method x3(cf. morsi, xarci)	513
moklu	mol mo'u	mouth	x1 is a/the mouth/oral cavity [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumption)[(adjective:) x1 is oral]; (cf. ctebi, denci, tance)	514
canlu	cal ca'u	space	x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2[also occupy (= selca'u)] (cf. kensa, bliku, kumfa, kevna, kunti, tubnu, dekpu)	515
tcadu	tca	city	x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4[also (adjective:) x1 is urban]; (cf. jarbu, nurma, cecmu, jarbu)	516
xebni	xen xei	hate	x1 hates/despises x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is full of hate for x2; x2 is odious to x1[x1 is hateful (one sense); x2 is hateful (different sense)]; (cf. djica, nitcu, rigni, prami, nelci)	517
la'a	UI3	probability	discursive: probability - improbability (cf. lakne)	518
srera	sre	err	x1 errs in doing/being/making mistake x2 (event), an error under conditions x3 by standard x4(cf. drani, which is non-agentive, cfila, fliba)	519
midju	mij	middle	x1 is in/at the middle/center/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central(cf. lanxe, jbini, nutli, snuji, milxe, denmi, ralju)	520
xa	PA1	6	digit/number: 6 (digit) [six]	521
le'i	LE	the set described	non-veridical descriptor: the set of those described as ..., treated as a set	522
kabri		cup	x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3[a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not]; (cf. palta, citka, blaci, tansi)	523
klesi	kle lei	class	x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka)[also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum]; (cf. cmavo list le'a, cmima, jutsi, ciste, girzu, lanzu, vrici)	524
steci	tec te'i	specific	x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set)[x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a, also cf. cmavo list po'e, [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)]; (cf. srana, se ponse, ckini, tcila, tutra)	525
bai	BAI	compelled by	bapli modal, 1st place (forced by) forcedly; compelled by force ...	526
do'u	DOhU	end vocative	elidable terminator: end vocative (often elidable)	527
porpi	pop po'i	break	x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2(cf. xrani, spofu, se katna)	528
savru	sav vru	noise	x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3 (cf. sance, cladu, kerlo, smaji, tirna, siclu)	529
ju'ocu'i	UI*5	uncertainty	attitudinal modifier: certainty - uncertainty - impossibility	530
foldi	flo foi	field	x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2[also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)]; (cf. purdi, cange)	531
nabmi	nam	problem	x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3[also: x1 requires consideration by x2]; (cf. preti, danfu, ciksi, jijnu, jinvi, nandu, pensi, sidbo, spuda)	532
setca	se'a	insert	x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni); also pour, inflate, stuff, fill]; (cf. rinci, tisna, punji, jbini, nenri, jmina, culno, kunti, catlu)	533
xajmi	xam	funny	x1 is funny/comical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2[also: x1 is a comedian (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional comedian)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising); (cf. bebna, cisma, cmila, fenki, zdile)	534
drudi	rud dru	roof	x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2(cf. bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, marbi, gacri, mapku; a drudi is (designed to be) over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku)	535
cpedu	cpe	request	x1 requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4[also demand (= mi'ecpe); x4 is a means of expression (cf. ve cusku): a request may be indicated in speech, in writing, or by an action (e.g. petitions are often in writing, while begging/panhandling may be indicated by an action or even demeanor)]; (cf. pikci, te preti, te frati, se spuda, danfu)	536
na'u	NAhU	selbri to operator	convert selbri to mex operator; used to create less-used operators using le'avla, lujvo, etc.	537
ka'u	UI2	I know culturally	evidential: I know by cultural means (myth or custom) (cf. kluju'o)	538
donri	dor do'i	daytime	x1 is the daytime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal (vs. nocturnal)(cf. nicte, djedi, tcika)	539
.uanai	UI*1	confusion	attitudinal: discovery - confusion/searching	540
satci		exact	x1 [measurement/match] is exact/precise to precision x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni)(cf. sarxe, dunli, merli, mapti, kancu, mintu)	541
ckiku	kik	key	x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3[also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, kiktermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth]; (cf. stela)	542
jbini	bin bi'i	between	x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka)[x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1]; (cf. se vasru, nenri, zvati, cpana, snuji, senta, bitmu, jimte, kuspe, jibni, lamji, sruri, vanbi, midju, cmima, setca)	543
jukpa	jup	cook	x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process)[cook with heat (= glajukpa, glaterjukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)]; (cf. cupra, bredi)	544
raktu	ra'u	trouble	x1 (object/person/event/situation) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3[also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to x2, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)]; (cf. dicra, fanza, zunti, kurji, xanka)	545
.o'o	UI1	patience	attitudinal: patience - mere tolerance - anger (cf. fengu, to'ersteba, de'acni	546
.e'a	UI1	permission	attitudinal: granting permission - prohibiting (cf. curmi)	547
curmi	cru	let	x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2[sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)]; (cf. rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, zifre)	548
ni'a	FAhA2	below	location tense relation/direction; downwards/down from ...	549
ze	PA1	7	digit/number: 7 (digit) [seven]	550
fa'u	JOI	and respectively	non-logical connective: respectively; unmixed ordered distributed association	551
girzu	gir gri	group	x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4[also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)]; (cf. bende, ciste, cmima, gunma, panra, cabra, cecmu, kansa, klesi, lanzu, liste, vrici)	552
spisa	spi	piece	x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance](cf. pagbu)	553
pu'u	NU1	process abstract	abstractor: process (event) abstractor; x1 is process of [bridi] proceeding in stages x2	554
du'i	BAI	as much as	dunli modal, 1st place (equalled by) equally; as much as ...	555
manku	man	dark	x1 is dark/lacking in illumination(cf. blabi, gusni, ctino; use kandi or xekri with colors, ctino)	556
gerna	gen ge'a	grammar	x1 is the grammar/rules/defining form of language x2 for structure/text x3(cf. bangu, stura, cmavo, jufra)	557
senva	sev sne	dream	x1 dreams about/that x2 (fact/idea/event/state); x2 is a dream/reverie of x1[dream/reverie (= selsne)]; (cf. sipna, xanri)	558
fagri	fag	fire	x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen)(cf. jelca, sacki)	559
citno	cit ci'o	young	x1 is young/youthful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2[also age (= nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior]; (cf. cnino, slabu, verba)	560
barna	ba'a	mark	x1(s) is a/are mark(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3[ba'armo'a for a pattern of marks]; (cf. sinxa, pixra, se ciska, se prina)	561
limna	lim	swim	x1 (agent) swims in fluid x2(cf. djacu, fulta, klama, litru)	562
kargu		costly	x1 (object/commodity/property/event) is costly/expensive/dear to x2 by standard x3[x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= poskargu for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. vamji, dirba, vajni, jdima, pleji, canja, jerna, jinga, jemna, sfasa, vecnu)	563
gletu	let gle	copulate	x1 copulates/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2[x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)]; (cf. cinse, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, mabla, speni)	564
tugni	tug tu'i	agree	x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4(cf. sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, panpi, sarji)	565
glare	gla	hot	x1 is hot/[warm] by standard x2[warm (= mligla), feverish (= bi'agla)]; (cf. lenku)	566
solri	sol	solar	x1 is the sun of home planet x2 (default Earth) of race x3; (adjective:) x1 is solar['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a race, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species inhabits many worlds]; (cf. gusni, lunra, mluni, plini, santa, terdi, tarci)	567
grana	ga'a	rod	x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2(cf. garna)	568
lenku	lek	cold	x1 is cold/cool by standard x2(cf. glare, bisli)	569
cikna	cik	awake	(adjective:) x1 is awake/alert/conscious(cf. sanji, sipna, tatpi)	570
ru'u	FAhA2	surrounding	location tense relation/direction; surrounding/annular ...	571
carvi	cav	rain	x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'](cf. bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, tcima, bisli, bumru)	572
jdice	jdi	decide	x1 (person) decides/makes decision x2 (du'u) about matter x3 (event/state)(cf. pajni, cuxna, kanji, manri)	573
mo'i	MOhI	space motion	mark motions in space-time	574
sovda	sov so'a	egg	x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2[(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevyso'aseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi]; (cf. ganti, gutra, mamta, patfu, rorci, tsiju, lanbi, tarbi; also djine, konju for shape, tarbi)	575
natmi	nat nai	nation	x1 is a nation/ethnic group of peoples x2; [people sharing a history/culture](cf. jecta, kulnu, lanzu, gugde, bangu, cecmu)	576
ruble	rub ble	weak	x1 is weak/feeble/frail in property/quality/aspect x2 (ka) by standard x3(cf. carmi, vlipa, tsali, kandi, kandi, milxe)	577
cacra		hour	x1 is x2 hours in duration (default is 1 hour) by standard x3(cf. junla, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)	578
rebla	reb	tail	x1 is a/the tail/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/appendage](cf. nalci, pimlu, se lidne, trixe, birka, jimca)	579
mensi	mes me'i	sister	x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological](cf. bruna, tunba, tamne, famti)	580
sonci	son soi	soldier	x1 is a soldier/warrior/fighter of army x2(cf. bilni, damba, jenmi, xarci, pulji)	581
manci	mac	wonder	x1 feels wonder/awe/marvels about x2(cf. cinmo, makfa, kucli, spaji, cinri, banli, sisku)	582
ranji	ra'i	continue	x1 (event/state) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2(cf. temci, kuspe, renvi, cedra, citsi, manfo, vitci, cukla, fliba, preja, tcena)	583
di	KOhA1	something 3	logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 3 (usually restricted)	584
tanbo	ta'o	board	x1 is a board/plank [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2(cf. bliku, kubli)	585
cmila	mi'a	laugh	x1 laughs (emotional expression)[x1 laughs at x2 (= mi'afra)]; (cf. ckasu, frumu, xajmi, cisma)	586
de'u	KOhA2	recent utterance	pro-sumti: a recent utterance	587
dinju	dij di'u	building	x1 is a building/edifice for purpose x2(cf. ginka, zdani, zarci)	588
cmoni	cmo co'i	moan	x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property)[also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] (cf. krixa, bacru, cusku, cortu)	589
fatci	fac	fact	x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute(cf. datni, jitfa, sucta, xanri, jetnu, fasnu, zasti, cfika, saske)	590
plipe	pip pi'e	leap	x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5[place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression]; (cf. bajra, stapa, cpare, lafti)	591
kinli	kil	sharp	x1 is sharp/keen at locus x2(cf. balre, dakfu, jesni)	592
cau	BAI	lacked by	claxu modal, 1st place lacked by ...	593
culno	clu	full	x1 is full/completely filled with x2(cf. tisna, kunti, mulno, setca, tisna)	594
serti	ser	stairs	x1 are stairs/stairway/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3(cf. stapa, loldi, senta)	595
levi	LE*	this here	located descriptor: descriptive this-here (non-demonstrative)	596
ga	GA	fore or	logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal or (with gi)	597
mipri	mip	secret	x1 keeps x2 secret/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/conceals x2[intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju'o); secret (= selmipri)]; (cf. stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, cirko, jarco)	598
vlipa	vli	powerful	x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3[also potent, has control/mastery]; (cf. tsali, jitro, ruble)	599
vitke	vi'e	guest	x1 is a guest/visitor of x2 at place/event x3; x1 visits x2/x3(cf. friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati)	600
lalxu	la'u	lake	x1 is a lake/lagoon/pool at site/within land mass x2(cf. daplu, djacu, rirxe, xamsi, zbani)	601
kunti	kut	empty	x1 [container] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow[also vacuum (= kunti be roda/so'ada)]; (cf. culno, tisna, claxu, canlu, kevna, setca)	602
clite	lit	polite	x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3[also formal, ritual]; (cf. ritli)	603
xekri	xek xe'i	black	x1 is black/extremely dark-colored [color adjective](cf. blabi, grusi, manku, skari, xekri, kandi, carmi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)	604
panzi	paz	offspring	x1 is a [biological] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial(cf. grute, verba, bersa, tixnu, se rorci, patfu)	605
risna		heart	x1 is a/the heart [body-part] of x2; [emotional/shape metaphors are NOT culturally neutral][(adjective:) x1 is cardiac; emotional 'heart' (= cnise'i)]; (cf. pambe, ciblu)	606
sanmi	sai	meal	x1 (mass) is a meal composed of dishes including x2[x2 is a course/dish of meal x1 (= selsai for reordered places)]; (cf. barja, stasu, gusta, sanso)	607
darsi		audacity	x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka)[x1 is bold]; (cf. virnu)	608
tarti	tra	behave	x1 behaves/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3[also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral]; (cf. cnano, frati, tcaci, cilce, jikca, marde)	609
cange	cag	farm	x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian[also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops]; (cf. purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, xarju)	610
minra	mir	reflect	x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1[also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection]; (cf. catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi)	611
fanza	faz	annoy	x1 (event) annoys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2[also: is disruptive to]; (cf. fengu, raktu, dicra, tunta, zunti, jicla)	612
prami	pam pa'i	love	x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state)[also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selpa'i for reordered places)]; (cf. cinmo, xebni, nelci, djica, sinma, pluka, kurji, pendo, speni)	613
romoi	MOI*	is last among	quantified selbri: is final among; convert all to ordinal selbri; x1 is last among x2, rule x3	614
fo'i	KOhA4	it-8	pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #8 (specified by goi)	615
ga'u	FAhA2	above	location tense relation/direction; upwards/up from ...	616
crino	ri'o	green	x1 is green/verdant [color adjective](cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, cicna)	617
gluta	glu	glove	x1 is a mitten/glove [hand and lower arm garment] of material x2[mitten (= degycauglu)]; (cf. taxfu)	618
tadji		method	x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3[also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)]; (cf. ciste, pruce, zukte, pluta, cmavo list tai)	619
munje	muj mu'e	universe	x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3[also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe]; (cf. ciste, plini, kensa, mulno)	620
tcita		label	x1 is a label/tag of x2 showing information x3(cf. sinxa, cmene, judri)	621
ki'anai	UI*6	understanding	non-question: understanding of something said	622
li'o	UI3a	omitted text	discursive: omitted text (quoted material)	623
cerni	cer	morning	x1 is a morning [dawn until after typical start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at location x3[this morning (= cabdeicerni); tomorrow morning (= bavlamcerni); yesterday morning (= prulamcerni, prulamdeicerni)](cf. vanci, murse, tcika)	624
nibli	nib ni'i	necessitate	x1 logically necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3(cf. natfe, rinka, mukti, krinu, cmavo list ni'i, jalge, logji)	625
lerfu	ler le'u	letteral	x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3[also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol]; (cf. mifra, namcu, sinxa, pandi)	626
skicu	ski	describe	x1 tells about/describes x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with description x4 (property)(cf. lisri, tavla)	627
torni	ton to'i	twist	x1 twists under load/force/torsion x2(cf. tinsa, trati)	628
so'iroi	ROI*	many times	tense interval modifier: many times; objective tense; defaults as time tense	629
surla	sur	relax	x1 relaxes/rests/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity)(cf. dunku, tatpi, cando, vreta)	630
rufsu	ruf	rough	x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity[fine-textured (= tolrufsu)]; (cf. xutla, tengu, vitci)	631
no'e	NAhE	scalar midpoint not	midpoint scalar negator: neutral point between je'a and to'e; "not really"	632
po	GOI	is specific to	restrictive relative phrase marker: which is specific to ...; normal possessive physical/legal	633
cidni	cid	knee	x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3[metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] (cf. korcu, jarco, jganu)	634
pleji	lej le'i	pay	x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, posyvelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, lejyjbera)]; (cf. canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, jdima, prali, jerna, sfasa, dunda, jinga, dapma; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, cirko, dirba)	635
mu'u	BAI	exemplified by	mupli modal, 1st place exemplified by ...	636
vasxu	vax va'u	breathe	x1 breathes/respires x2 [gas](though used to make the Lojban word, clue word vascular is erroneous, actually pertaining to the circulatory system that carries the respired oxygen to the tissues); (cf. fepri, kijno, vacri)	637
kanro	ka'o	healthy	x1 is healthy/fit/well/in good health by standard x2(cf. bilma, mikce)	638
.io	UI1	respect	attitudinal: respect - disrespect (cf. sinma)	639
di'i	TAhE	regularly	tense interval modifier: regularly; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense	640
lindi	lid	lightning	x1 is lightning/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3[also thunder (= lidysna)]; (cf. dikca)	641
so'e	PA4	most	digit/number: most	642
matne		butter	x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2[(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)]; (cf. grasu, kruji)	643
ga'i	UI5	hauteur	attitudinal modifier/honorific: hauteur - equal rank - meekness; used with one of lower rank (cf. gapru, cnita)	644
stapa	tap	step	x1 steps/treads on/in surface x2 using limbs x3(cf. bajra, plipe, cadzu, serti)	645
.a'a	UI1	attentive	attitudinal: attentive - inattentive - avoiding (cf. jundi, rivbi)	646
jorne	jon jo'e	joined	x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union[also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)]; (cf. lasna, fenso, kansa, pencu, penmi)	647
kerlo	ker	ear	x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering][(adjective:) x1 is aural]; (cf. kanla, savru, smaji, tirna, ractu)	648
cripu	rip	bridge	x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first](cf. bargu, kruca, ragve, kuspe)	649
xrani	xai	injure	x1 (event) injures/harms/damages victim x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (state)[also hurts]; (cf. cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi)	650
tubnu	tu'u	tube	x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 [also tube, sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular]; (cf. kevna, canlu)	651
kavbu	kav	capture	x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3[catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)]; (cf. jersi, kalte, pinfu, sisku, se rinju)	652
jetnu	jet je'u	true	x1 (du'u) is true/truth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2[words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. stace, jitfa, fatci, birti, cfika)	653
junla	jul	clock	x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4[also timepiece]; (cf. cacra, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)	654
dandu	dad	hang	x1 hangs/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3[pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] (cf. lasna, jorne)	655
ce'o	JOI	in a sequence with	non-logical connective: ordered sequence link; "and then", forming a sequence	656
bersa	bes be'a	son	x1 is a son of mother/father/parents x2 [not necessarily biological][also filial]; (cf. verba, nanla, nakni, nanmu, patfu, mamta, bruna, rirni, rorci, panzi, tixnu)	657
damba	dab da'a	fight	x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant[use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective]; (cf. bradi, gunta, talsa, darlu, fapro, jamna, sonci)	658
kajde	jde	warn	x1 (event/experience) warns/cautions x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property)[agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to warn which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)]; (cf. ckape, nupre, snura, tcica, xlura)	659
ki'o	PA3	number comma	digit/number: number comma; thousands	660
danmo	dam	smoke	x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/air pollution from source x2[x2 may be a fire]; (cf. pulce, gapci, sigja, bumru)	661
lerci	lec	late	x1 (event) is late by standard x2(cf. clira)	662
vrici		miscellaneous	x1 (set/mass/ind.) is miscellaneous/various/assorted in property x2 (ka)(cf. klesi, girzu, frica, simsa, panra)	663
xadni	xad	body	x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal(cf. menli, pruxi, sluji, mulno, cutne)	664
vanci	vac	evening	x1 is an evening [from end-of-work until sleep typical for locale] of day x2 at location x3[this evening (= cabvanci); tomorrow evening (= bavlamvanci); yesterday evening (= prulamvanci)]; (cf. cerni, murse, tcika)	665
xarju	xaj	pig	x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2[sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)]; (cf. mabru, cange)	666
javni	jva	rule	x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3[regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated]; (cf. flalu, ritli, cmavo list ja'i, marde, tcaci, tinbe, zekri)	667
ctino	ti'o	shadow	x1 is a shadow/the shade of object x2, made by light/energy source x3(cf. manku, gusni)	668
lamji	lam la'i	adjacent	x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4[also touching, contiguous, against]; (cf. zvati, cpana, jibni, diklo, stuzi, bartu, jbini)	669
patfu	paf pa'u	father	x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological](cf. mamta, rirni, rorci, tarbi, dzena, famti, panzi, bersa, sovda)	670
ralju	ral	principal	x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka)[staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)]; (cf. vajni, te bende, minde, lidne, jatna, jitro, gidva, midju)	671
cipra	cip	test	x1 (process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individ./set/mass)[also examination, proxy measure, validation; (a set in x3 must be completely specified)]; (cf. ciksi, troci, jarco, pajni, saske)	672
minji	mi'i	machine	x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control][also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)]; (cf. cabra, matra, tutci, zukte, pilno, skami)	673
brife	bif bi'e	breeze	x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2(cf. tcima)	674
linsi	lin	chain	x1 is a length of chain/links of material x2 with link properties x3(cf. skori)	675
tanxe	tax ta'e	box	x1 is a box/carton/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3(cf. bakfu, botpi, cutne, dacru)	676
gacri	gai	cover	x1 is a cover/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2(cf. pilka, gapru, marbi, drudi, ve botpi, bitmu, calku)	677
ne'a	FAhA3	next to	location tense relation/direction; approximating/next to ...	678
jmaji	jaj	gather	x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/collects at location x2 from locations x3 (mass/jo'u)[also focus (= seljmaji)]; (cf. crepu)	679
xadba	xab	half	x1 is exactly/approximately half/semi-/demi-/hemi- of x2 by standard x3(cf. mulno, pagbu)	680
flecu	fle	flow	x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/towards x3 from direction/source x4[x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= caifle, sukfle)]; (cf. rirxe, senta where no directionality is implied, rinci, xampo, dikca, sakci, gapci, litki, ciblu)	681
.u'inai	UI*1	weariness	attitudinal: amusement - weariness	682
sera'a	BAI*	concerning	srana modal, 2nd place (pertaining to) relevantly; concerning ... (less specific)	683
xenru	xer xe'u	regret	x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2[also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)]; (cf. cmavo list .u'u, zungi)	684
jicmu	cmu	basis	x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2[x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'u, jamfu, zbepi, genja, krasi)	685
fu	FA	5th sumti place	sumti place tag: tag 5th sumti place	686
kecti	kec ke'i	pity	x1 (person) pities/feels sorry for x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction)(cf. cinmo, xendo)	687
zgike	zgi gi'e	music	x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event)[x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sagzgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= finzgi)]; (cf. damri, dansu, flani, janbe, jgita, pipno, rilti, tabra, tonga, xagri, siclu)	688
mabla	mal	derogative	x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1[bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn]; (cf. palci, dapma, xlali, zabna, funca, ganti, ganxo, gletu, gutra, kalci, pinca, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, zargu)	689
prane	pa'e	perfect	x1 is perfect/ideal/archetypical/faultless/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 (ka)[also without defect/error]; (cf. manfo, curve, traji, cfila, mulno)	690
cukla	cuk	round	x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring[normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring']; (cf. djine, ranji, bolci, tarmi)	691
claxu	cau	without	x1 is without/lacking/free of/lacks x2; x1 is x2-less(cf. cmavo list cau, cirko, kunti, nitcu, pindi, banzu)	692
ganlo	ga'o	closed	x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3[as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane]; (cf. kalri, pagre, canko, vorme, zunti)	693
mu'e	NU1	point-event abstract	abstractor: achievement (event) abstractor; x1 is the event-as-a-point/achievement of [bridi]	694
cu'u	BAI	as said by	cusku modal, 1st place (attribution/quotation) as said by source ...; used for quotation	695
katna	ka'a	cut	x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3[for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)]; (cf. kakpa, sraku for cutting into without division; plixa, dakfu, jinci, porpi, spofu, tunta, xrani, fatri, fendi, balre, dilcu)	696
sedu'u	NU*	sentence abstract	compound abstractor: sentence/equation abstract; x1 is text expressing [bridi] which is x2	697
janco	jan	shoulder	x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3(cf. birka)	698
su	SU	erase discourse	erase to start of discourse or text; drop subject or start over	699
vu	VA	yonder at	location tense distance: far from ... ; yonder at ... ; a long distance from ...	700
xe	SE	5th conversion	5th conversion; switch 1st/5th places	701
denmi	dem	dense	x1 is dense/concentrated/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3(cf. carmi, midju, viknu)	702
ki	KI	tense default	tense/modal: set/use tense default; establishes new open scope space/time/modal reference base	703
.u'e	UI1	wonder	attitudinal: wonder - commonplace (cf. manci, fadni)	704
xendo	xed xe'o	kind	x1 (person) is kind to x2 in actions/behavior x3(cf. cinmo, kecti, pendo, kusru)	705
logji	loj	logic	x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u)[also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical]; (cf. nibli)	706
.u'a	UI1	gain	attitudinal: gain - loss (cf. jinga, selne'u, prali, cirko)	707
dargu	dag	road	x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered)[a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling]; (cf. naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji)	708
kerfa	kre	hair	x1 is a/the hair/fur [body-part] of x2 at body location x3(cf. skapi, sunla, pimlu)	709
bilma	bi'a	ill	x1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3(cf. kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, binra)	710
cortu	cor cro	pain	x1 hurts/feels pain/hurt at locus x2(cf. cinmo, xrani)	711
jalge	jag ja'e	result	x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process)[also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = mekyja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)]; (cf. se mukti, te zukte, se rinka, se krinu, se nibli, mulno, sumji, pilji, mekso, cmavo list ja'e, ciksi)	712
cradi		radio	x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4[also x1 is a broadcaster]; (cf. tivni, benji, tcana)	713
.u	A	sumti whether	logical connective: sumti afterthought whether-or-not	714
bi	PA1	8	digit/number: 8 (digit) [eight]	715
blaci		glass	x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains glass of composition including x2(cf. kabri)	716
merko	mer	American	x1 pertains to USA/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2(cf. brito, bemro, ketco, xispo, glico)	717
ma'a	KOhA3	we with you	pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & you the listener(s) & others unspecified	718
lanzu	laz	family	x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3[also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places); relative (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)]; (cf. natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, klesi)	719
xrula	rul	flower	x1 is a/the flower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral(cf. spati)	720
sampu	sap	simple	x1 is simple/unmixed/uncomplicated in property x2 (ka)(cf. pluja, curve, frili, manfo)	721
sa'a	UI3a	editorial insertion	discursive: material inserted by editor/narrator (bracketed text) (cf. setca)	722
le'e	LE	the stereotypical	non-veridical descriptor: the stereotype of those described as ...	723
fanta		prevent	x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring(cf. pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, bapli, rivbi)	724
nixli	nix xli	girl	x1 is a girl [young female person] of age x2 immature by standard x3[word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]; (cf. nanla, verba, ninmu)	725
stidi	sid ti'i	suggest	x1 (agent) suggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3[event which inspires/suggests/is suggestive (= faurti'i, sidyfau)]; (cf. cmavo list ti'i, tcica, xlura)	726
kalsa	kas	chaotic	x1 is chaotic/disordered in property/aspect x2 (ka)(cf. cunso, cnici)	727
slilu	sli	oscillate	x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification)[also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves]; (cf. dikni, rilti, morna, desku, janbe, boxna)	728
.o	A	sumti iff	logical connective: sumti afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if	729
stura	tur su'a	structure	x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity](x2, if a set, is completely specified); (cf. ganzu, morna, ciste, lujvo, greku, gerna)	730
ckana	cka	bed	x1 is a bed/pallet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event)(cf. kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, cpana, vreta, jubme, stizu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji)	731
lafti	laf	lift	x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4[(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] (cf. farlu, plipe)	732
dikca	dic	electric	x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (def. negative)[(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)]; (cf. lindi, xampo, flecu, maksi, tcana)	733
srasu	sas	grass	x1 is a blade/expanse of grass of species x2[lawn/meadow (= sasfoi)]; (cf. spati)	734
senci	sec	sneeze	x1 sneezes (intransitive verb)(cf. bilma, kafke)	735
re'o	FAhA3	adjacent to	location tense relation/direction; adjacent to/touching/contacting ...	736
vreji	rej vei	record	x1 is a record of x2 (data/facts/du'u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4(cf. sorcu, datni, papri)	737
dertu	der de'u	dirt	x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composition x3[also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition]; (cf. kliti, terdi, loldi)	738
salpo	sa'o	slope	x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3[also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear]; (cf. kurfa, tutci)	739
rinju	ri'u	restrain	x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event)[also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)]; (cf. zifre, ralte, pinfu, kavbu, fanta, jgari, jimte, bapli, curmi, kluza, tagji)	740
pe'a	UI3c	figurative	marks a construct as figurative (non-literal/metaphorical) speech/text	741
speni	spe	married	x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3(cf. prami, gletu)	742
pante	pat	protest	x1 protests/objects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4(x4 is an event or tu'a quotation) (cf. xarnu)	743
ba'a	UI2	I anticipate	evidential: I expect - I experience - I remember (cf. bavykri, lifri, morji)	744
pritu		right	x1 is to the right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3[also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. cmavo list ri'u, mlana, crane, trixe, farna, zunle)	745
xaksu	xak	use up	x1 (event) uses up/depletes/consumes/[wastes] x2 [resource][waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)]; (cf. citka, festi, daspo, livla, pinxe)	746
basti	bas	replace	x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute[also: x1 trades places with x2]; (cf. cmavo list ba'i, binra)	747
frica	fic	differ	x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3[also other-than (less common meaning)]; (cf. ranxi, drata, dunli, simsa, vrici)	748
mi'e	COI	self-introduction	self vocative: self-introduction - denial of identity; identifies speaker	749
go'a	GOhA	recent bridi	pro-bridi: repeats a recent bridi (usually not the last 2)	750
cmavo	ma'o	structure word	x1 is a structure word of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in usage (language) x4[x4 may be a specific usage (with an embedded language place) or a massified language description; x3 and x4 may be merely an example of cmavo usage or refer to an actual expression; cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma'oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma'orpoi, ma'orselcmi, ma'orselste)]; (cf. gismu, lujvo, gerna, smuni, valsi)	751
sarji	sra	support	x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4[also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'); (x2 is object/event)]; (cf. bradi, darlu, fapro, sidju, tugni, bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu)	752
skina	kin	cinema	x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4[also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selxraci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)]; (cf. tivni, vidni, pixra, finti)	753
fau	BAI	in the event of	fasnu modal, 1st place (non-causal) in the event of ...	754
.ianai	UI*1	disbelief	attitudinal: belief - skepticism - disbelief	755
tuple	tup tu'e	leg	x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch](cf. stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli)	756
tisna	tis	fill	x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1[implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacyse'a); pour into (= liktisna, agentive likse'a)]; (cf. culno, kunti, rinci, setca)	757
xunre	xun xu'e	red	x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [color adjective](cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, narju, rozgu, zirpu)	758
sudga	sud	dry	x1 is dry of liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid(cf. cilmo, litki, runta)	759
.ii	UI1	fear	attitudinal: fear - security (cf. terpa, snura)	760
sorcu	soc sro	store	x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3[x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap.  The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2 that are not part of the store]; (cf. panka; vreji for information storage; sabji for a store or reserve that is not necessarily tied to a site, banxa, panka)	761
.ainai	UI*1	refusal	attitudinal: intent - indecision - rejection/refusal	762
narju	naj	orange	x1 is orange [color adjective](cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, pelxu, solji)	763
ji'u	BAI	based on	jicmu modal, 1st place (assumptions); given that ...; based on ...	764
grusi	rus	gray	x1 is gray [color adjective](cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)	765
friti	fit	offer	x1 offers/proffers x2 [offering] to x3 with conditions x4[(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional offering has the 'condition' of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posfriti, posyselfriti for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. canja, dunda, rinsa, vecnu, jdima, cnemu, pleji, vitke)	766
fuzme	fuz fu'e	responsible	x1 is responsible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3(cf. bilga)	767
pulce	puc pu'e	dust	x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3(cf. te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu)	768
zanru	zar zau	approve	x1 approves of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event)(cf. cmavo list zau, natfe)	769
sumti	sum su'i	argument	x1 is a/the argument of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number)(x1 and x2 are text); (cf. bridi, darlu, gismu)	770
pruxi	rux ru'i	spirit	x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal[also soul (= ruxse'i)]; (cf. censa, lijda, mucti, xadni)	771
senpi	sen	doubt	x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true[also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, krici, djuno, birti)	772
rarna	rar	natural	x1 is natural/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s)(cf. rutni, jinzi, nurma, stati)	773
lazni		lazy	x1 (person) is lazy/avoiding work/effort concerning action x2(cf. nejni, vreta, gunka)	774
ciste	ci'e	system	x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (ka)[x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] (cf. cmavo list ci'e, cmima, girzu, gunma, stura, tadji, munje, farvi, ganzu, judri, julne, klesi, morna, tcana)	775
spati	spa	plant	x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2[also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative]; (cf. genja, grute, gurni, latna, rozgu, stagi, tricu, tsiju, tujli, xruba, xrula, pezli, srasu)	776
carna	car	turn	x1 turns/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3[also revolve (= jincarna)]; (cf. gunro, jendu)	777
cupra	pra	produce	x1 produces x2 [product] by process x3(cf. zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa)	778
jdika		decrease	x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3(cf. zenba, mleca, vimcu)	779
tcica	tic	deceive	x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state)[agentive deception (= ticygau, ticyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= malticyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sezytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); fib/lie/tell an untruth/lie/fib (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)]; (cf. stace, xlura, stidi, kajde)	780
lu'a	LAhE	the individuals of	the members of the set/components of the mass; converts another description type to individuals	781
rupnu	rup ru'u	dollar	x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3[also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (cf. jdini, sicni, jdima, vecnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)	782
cikre		repair	x1 repairs/mends/fixes x2 for use x3[a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3]; (cf. cfila, spofu)	783
.einai	UI*1	freedom	attitudinal: obligation - freedom	784
pindi	pid	poor	x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2[x2 is scanty/meager/lacking for x1]; (cf. ricfu, claxu, nitcu, pikci)	785
gismu	gim gi'u	root word	x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4[gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gimste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)]; (cf. cmavo, cmene, lujvo, smuni, sumti, tanru, valsi)	786
do'e	BAI	unspecif modal	elliptical/unspecified modal	787
to'i	TO	editorial unquote	open editorial unquote (within a quote); contains grammatical text; mark with editorial insert	788
bloti	lot blo lo'i	boat	x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3(cf. falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, sabnu)	789
cabna	cab	now	x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time[(default x2 is the present resulting in:) x1 is now; time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] (cf. zvati, balvi, purci, cmavo list ca, cmavo list ca'a)	790
de'a	ZAhO	pausative	event contour for a temporary halt and ensuing pause in a process	791
le'u	LEhU	end error quote	end quote of questionable or out-of-context text; not elidable